Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 1086 Words

Working in the field of Emergency Response I have seen and felt first hand the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder. It is not possible to respond to emergency after emergency and not be subject to some of PTSD’s effects. When I saw this topic in the list I felt compelled to use this opportunity to learn more. My hope is by increasing my knowledge, of a disorder so prevalent in my career field; I can recognize the symptoms in others and myself before there effect becomes devastating. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD as it is more commonly referred to, is defined by the American Psychiatric Association as an anxiety disorder. (American Psychological Association.) It has specific criteria that need to be met in order to be†¦show more content†¦Surprisingly it has been shown that women are twice as likely to suffer from PTSD, as are men. (Norris, Fran H.) It is has been suggested that the reason for this discrepancy is that women have a higher instance of being exposed to a qualifying traumatic event. Age also seems to play a role. It seems that as the age of a demographical group increases the likelihood for PTSD decreases. Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder is possible. The current treatment of PTSD encompasses several types of psychotherapy combined with a medication regimen. Cognitive therapy is one type of therapy used to combat PTSD. The goal of cognitive therapy is to allow the patient to slowly experience feelings, thoughts, and events associated with the trauma in a controlled setting. This allows the PTSD sufferer, to categorize the traumatic feelings associated with the event and assign a more positive meaning to them. Thus providing a coping mechanism. Another school of thought places the therapeutic focus on gradually exposing the PTSD sufferer to elements of the trauma. The goal is to desensitize the patient to the traumatic event. This allows the patient to resume a normal life. One other form of therapy used in treatment of PTSD is EMDR. EMDR or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing is a form of exposure therapy that places the emphasis on guided eye movements. The theor y is that the movements help retrain how the brain reacts to memories of the traumatic event. Success hasShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder980 Words   |  4 PagesToday we are here to figure out why is it that past events are the triggers that cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder that some people get after seeing or undergoing a dangerous event. There are various symptoms that begin to show or actions that can give a clear answer whether one may be diagnosed with this disorder. One of the many problems is that no age range is safe from suffering PTSD. One must ask themselves what set of events happenedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder851 Words   |  3 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder Introduction â€Å"There are currently over 400,000 Veterans in treatment for PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) and it is estimated that with the Iraq and Afghanistan wars there is an additional 33% increase in our returning soldiers.† Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has become a severe issue for veterans returning from overseas. One of the most effective, yet unused resources given to veterans to help them cope with their disorder is specially trained dogs. TheseRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder884 Words   |  4 Pagesof traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes.† (NIMH) Families of veterans struggle to help their loved ones. â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder caused by a person’s exposure to life-threatening or otherwise traumatic circumstances.† (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder affectsRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder1630 Words   |  7 Pagesare now accessing mental health services for the treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) defined by DSM-IV-TR is â€Å"characterised by the re-experiencing of an extremely traumatic event accompanied by symptoms of increased arousal and by avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma† (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000). There are many impacts and effects this disorder has on refugees requiring treatment, interventions, education andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder1004 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent criteria of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has changed since the DSM-IV. In the DSM-V, the diagnostic criteria draws a clearer line when detailing what establishes a traumatic event. The DSM-V pays more attention to the behavioral symptoms that accompany PTSD and proposes four distinct diagnostic cluster s instead of three. They are described as re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, and arousal. Re-experiencing is the spontaneous memories of the traumatic event, recurrentRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Trau matic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pages84.8% of those diagnosed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder still show moderate impairment of symptoms, even 30 plus years after the war (Glover 2014). As of today, the Unites States has 2.8 million veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, of those it is estimated that 11 to 20% currently suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. As of 2013, a total of 12,632 veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars are currently diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Glover 2014). Of course itRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issues

Womens Influence On Women - 1617 Words

Within the United Stated of America, there has been the opinion that women have always been inferior to men in one way or another. Holding the title of Executive or owning a business, whether large or small, is no different, men seem to dominate these positions. However, entering into the business world is the same as entering into the business of people, which can give woman an advantage because of their people skills and abilities to communicate. It is more common to see male entrepreneur than it is for a female, but in recent years that has begun to change. In the recent years the amount of businesses owned by woman has steadily grown, according to the Institute of Women Policy Research the amount of woman owned businesses has gone up about 3% since 1997. â€Å"About 29 percent of America s business owners are women, that’s up from 26 percent in 1997. The number of women-owned firms has grown 68 percent since 2007†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (White). There are many attributes an entrepr eneur should possess, leadership, confidence and the willingness to take risks are three of the most important. Some other attributes are determination, responsibility, competitiveness, knowledge, persuasion and great communication skills. Women have been stereotypes with not possessing these characteristics and in return the female entrepreneurs and their businesses are treated differently. Woman have a much harder time receiving loans than men do or if they do receive them then the terms of their loans areShow MoreRelatedWomen And Women s Political Status1632 Words   |  7 PagesTraditionally, politics has been a gendered occupation. Men and women have been socially constructed to believe only men are capable of political representation. The problem lies within an institutional bias, where unnatural distinctions have been put in place from a young age. In New Zealand, the presence and contribution of women have been pivotal to the make up of contemporary party politics. Achievi ng parliamentary recognition and political representation peaked during the 1970s when the countryRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Class1154 Words   |  5 Pagesand how the other half live. Also, according to age and social class, women live different style of living and it affect mood in their life. If social class is high-class, women’s life seems like rich and happiness. Also, young age of women seems like more active in their group. On the other hand, old age of women has small range of behavior and despondency in their life. Also, if social class is lower class, it pressure women’s life negatively. For that reason, when woman belongs to lower class,Read MoreWomen s Lack Of Women1409 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: In the past decade, women seemed underrepresented in the academy – especially in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, according to Jennifer Rigby (2015). One of the significant evidences mentioned in his report is that â€Å"According to the National Household Survey (NHS), in the academy, less than 40% of women graduates aged 25-34 with a STEM degree in 2011, compared with 66% of university graduates in non-STEM programs.† Focusing on the STEM disciplines seemRead MoreWomens Suffrage in Britain1401 Words   |  6 Pages Women’s Suffrage in Britain Social change in Britain has been achieved primarily through the hard work of organized political groups. These groups created events to recruit and educate supporters of social equality to join them in fighting for progress. The Women’s Suffrage Movement between 1866 and 1928 in Britain is no exception to this trend. The reason for the great efficacy of these political groups, including the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies and the Women’s Social and PoliticalRead MoreWomen in the Late 19th Century1210 Words   |  5 Pageswas a predominant issue. From the 1860’s and beyond, male suffrage was expanding due to working-class activism and liberal constitutionalism, however women were not included in any political participation and were rejected from many opportunities in the workforce. They were considered second-class citizens, expected to restrict their sphere of influence to the home and family, and therefore not encouraged to pursue a benefic ial education or career. 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Because of its broad view I have taken several specific examples from the book and elaborated on them in order to give you a better understanding. The author, Susan Ware, begins by laying the groundwork for the womens network. During the 1930sRead MoreHuman Rights Violations to Afghan Women1492 Words   |  6 Pageslivelihood of Afghanistan women. For decades, these women have been frequent victims of abuse, despite some success by authorities in prosecuting rape cases, forced marriages and domestic violence. Child marriage, selling and buying women to settle disputes, assault and more than a dozen other acts of violence and abuse against women are a common norm in Afghan society. About 87% of women experience physical, psychological or sexual violence. Incidents of violence against women remain largely under-reportedRead MoreWomen s Rights During The Nineteenth Century1171 Words   |  5 PagesToday, women benefit from many basic rights such as voting and the ability to own property while married. But in the 1800s, females struggled to achieve these rights and the status of citizenship. However, women were not meant to obtain the rights to citizenship, or at least, not in a society that had never included women in the definition of citizenship. As a result, the debate of women’s equality grew to be one of the biggest issues in the nineteenth-century. As a male-dominated society continuedRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1659 Words   |  7 Pagesfor men and women, the women’s rights movement in Pakistan has just begun. People are starting to protest against discriminations that women face in their daily lives that disable them from having a voice in society. Some of these discriminations involve men being able to divorce their wives without her consent, women’s voices having half the weight of a man’s in court, and female heirs inheriting less money or property than a male heir (â€Å"Sharia†, 9). Groups like the Pakistani Women’s Rights Organization

Dover Beach By Matthew Arnold Essay Research free essay sample

Dover Beach By Matthew Arnold Essay, Research Paper Robert Louis Stevenson? s Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde has evolved into one of the most acclaimed pieces of literature in modern American society. One facet of a continual flicker of involvement with the novel is motion images. Assorted managers through the old ages have interpreted the book through their ain eyes and the followers is a word picture of that. One might oppugn Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde? s overpowering success. Subject eating houses, Broadway shows and films all have indicated a public involvement in the authoritative. Americans particularly have been fascinated with Stevenson? s portraiture of the split personality Dr. Jekyll whom many can associate excessively. The first film that I decided to utilize for this scrutiny is the 1932 restored version of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, directed by Rouben Mammoulian. I thought that Mammoulian? s effort to picture the novel was first-class. When reading the book, I saw many of the spigots of the novel that I would hold expected to come up in a gesture image. The separation between good and immorality was done brightly through Mammoulian? s usage of illuming. The most apparent illustration of this is through the eyes of Dr. Jekyll. When Jekyll is running through his day-to-day modus operandi, the sets are bright with equal lighting. On the other manus, when Mr. Hyde comes into the image the scenes drastically become dark and scaring. I think this split is in concurrence with the two personalities that Dr. Jekyll shows. A scene in the film that makes the disparity so clear is when Dr. Jekyll first discovers the potion that creates Mr. Hyde. The lighting in the research lab was non the best, but after the transmutation takes topographic point it seems like a torrential cloudburst merely took topographic point and the set is about black. Another scene that pops into my caput is when Dr. Jekyll is loosen uping in the park one afternoon and the alteration takes topographic point. It reminded me about of the antonym of the Wizard of Oz, when th e film went from black and white to colour. Good and immoralities are clearly depicted through the image of illuming in this film. Another component of the way that was believable was that of both the costume and the scenery. In the film there were first-class word pictures of the clip period through frock. This made the film more credible and the flow drum sander. I feel that when a manager exerts the attempt into the small things such as costumes, the image is about ever better than expected. One of the spigots that made the transmutation from dividing my outlook that I was watching the film and non reading the book was the interaction of characters. From the Muriel? s male parent? s dinner party to Poole, the smooth passage that Mammoulian incorporated in his way was 2nd to none. It was besides impressive to observe that this film is over 60 old ages old and that as I watched it, I felt like this was the most accurate portraiture of Robert Louis Stevenson? s novel that I have of all time watched. There are several elements or subplots that were apparent in the 1932 version of the novel that were nowhere to be found in the original chef-doeuvre. One of the most apparent is Dr. Jekyll? s love involvement, Muriel. Rouben Mammoulian added an full turn to the film that served as a manner of associating how the transmutation of Jekyll and its consequence on others. Muriel basically is Dr. Jekyll? s fianc # 233 ; vitamin E whom he is frantically in love with. As the film progresses we see how this new innovation that the physician has discovered transpires him into an evil adult male and how the relationship rapidly takes a bend for the worst. You can clearly see that Mammoulian wanted his viewing audiences to detect that the transmutation was dearly-won in the relationships with the people that Dr. Jekyll loved and cared about the most. Another of import secret plan that the book includes but is nowhere to be found in the film is the slaying of Sir Danvers Carew. The importance that this character displays in the book is cardinal to the turning point in the novel because we discover how evil and warped Mr. Hyde is. Hyde takes these distinguished politicians life in cold blood and it is the first clip that we learn what a sinister character he is. This version of the film has a wholly different secret plan that substitutes for purpose of the function of Sir Danvers Carew: We are introduced to Ivy Pearson, who coincidently was aided by Dr. Jekyll one eventide. One dark after Dr. Jekyll indulges himself in his potion ; he pays a visit to where Ivy works. Mr. Hyde ( we will name him that to disregard any confusion ) hits on h er and subsequently intimidates her by his beastly presence. He so goes on to ravish her and coerce an unwanted relationship upon her. Finally, Hyde goes on to murder her because he feels betrayed that she doesn? t love him. The capacity of this secret plan is to function as a portraiture of the division that exists in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. I felt that this add-on to the film was superb because it did precisely what it was intended to make. One of the more absorbing facets of the film was to see how the manager cast Mr. Hyde. Rouben Mammoulian displays his criminal as a monster who even looked like a wolfman. Mr. Hyde had an evil laugh that if you were reading Stevenson? s novel than you would experience that it was rather fitting. Mr. Hyde is non a reasonably sight. He is wretched to look at, with even worse traits. In public he acts as a threat and trouble maker. He has no capacity to separate what is good and bad. In add-on, he acts like the devil-unpredictable, inhuman and inhumane. The decision of the film is what established Mammoulian as a antic manager. One of the more keen scenes of the film is at the terminal when Mr. Hyde transforms into Dr. Jekyll as the constabulary are seeking the estate for Hyde. This scene was shot absolutely. It leaves the spectator with the feeling that this is one of the craziest narratives of all time to come up. In add-on, when I saw this concluding scene I thought that if I were a small kid so the secret plan of the film would terrorize me. I think that this is what the end of the film was and it was achieved. The lone unfavorable judgment that I would offer is the deficiency of narrative. I felt like the film had the ability to be merely a small better with the add-on of Mr. Utterson whom serves as the storyteller in the novel did did. The image could hold been even more streamlined with accounts and narrative of some of the events of the film. Not to state that it was necessary at all, it? s merely that it would hold been something that I would hold include if I was directing the movie. Mary Reilly was one of the best word pictures that I have of all time seen of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. I was really impressed with manager Stephen Frear? s costume and frock use-I idea that it was first-class, hence made the film that more interesting. The film itself started off really bloody. There was a batch of gross outing scenes with a batch of blood. In comparing it to the restored version of the movie, there is an inordinate sum of Gore. In add-on, I felt as if there was a drastic difference in force when comparing the novel to the film. One of the elements of the way, which I thought was first-class, was the lighting. For the most portion, the film was dark and black. There was so light at all. I thought this was first-class and set the tone for a gory and ghastly flick. The characters were rather comparable to other stereotyped portray ALSs of the novel. Dr. Jekyll was possibly a small more friendly at times so what I truly recall from Stevenson? s novel. I thought that the word picture of Mr. Poole, the caput of the retainers was a little more hostile and acrimonious than the novel. One of the best connexions of the film to the novel is how Mary Reilly plays the function of the small miss that was assaulted by Mr. Hyde in the novel. I thought that the connexion was so casual and absolutely placed in the film that I truly commended Frear? s way. The function of Julia Roberts as Mary Reilly was Oscar-worthy. I felt that she made the film in footings of converting the audience that she had no thought that Dr. Jekyll was the same individual as Mr. Hyde. Her public presentation was brilliant and I liked the manner she reacted in scenes where she was one-on-one with both the Doctor and his helper. One peculiar scene that comes to mind is when Mary and Dr. Jekyll are entirely. The physician notices that Mary has legion cicatrixs on her arm and inquires where they came from. This finally leads to tension on Mary? s behalf because she truly doesn? T want to inform him that her male parent abused her by puting her in a little cubbard that was infested with mice that bit her repeatedly. I felt that this interaction between the two serves as a manner of demoing the Doctors sexual attractive force to her. Stephen Frear in bend lets the audience clearly know that the function of gentlemen is such that it would be incorrect for Dr. Jekyll to set any type of move on her. Obviously when the transmutation of Mr. Hyde takes topographic point, he does what normally no gentlemen would make and prosecute Mary to a huge grade. Some of the similarities ( to the novel ) that occurred during the movie included the slaying of Sir Andrew. It seemed that this was such an intricate portion of the novel, nevertheless when it came to both the original 1932 version of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde and the film the function and subplot where truly non exposed to its full potency. I remember that the show had a similar bloody scene that of the film. One of the interesting facets of the show that I truly cant say that I have seen before when it comes to Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is that in the show Dr. Hyde has a serious love involvement whom he presses. I believe she was one of the cocottes in the whorehouse. Although Mr. Hyde goes after Mary Reilly, this portion of the film was non at the importance degree that I saw in the show. One of the really interesting parts of the film that I wanted to indicate out is the parallel that I saw in Mary Reilly? s male parent and Dr. Jekyll is that when Mary? s male parent would acquire rummy he seemed that he was merely every bit incapacitated as Mr. Hyde was. Another point that stood out in contrasting the drama and film is that Dr. Jekyll was portrayed as a much younger gentlemen. One of the more absorbing facets of Mary Reilly that caught my oculus was how luxuriant the research lab of Dr. Jekyll was. It seemed much larger than what I had envisioned in the novel and was even bigger than the 1 that was shown in the restored version of the novel. I thought that this was an of import facet of the film because there was more focal point upon the function of Mr. Hyde and his function in the film ( and as we know the transmutations take topographic point in the research lab ) . Another difference in the two that I noticed was the complete difference in characters. The attorney Mr. Utterson, is wholly left out of the film but non the drama. Richard Einfield is besides included in the drama but non the film. I thought that Mary Reilly was one of the more interesting portraitures of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde that I have of all time seen. I think that I appreciated the film a batch more sing the impression that everything is better when you have background in the capable affair. The concluding movie that I viewed was entitled Dr. Jekyll and Ms. Hyde . To be wholly honorable, this comedy, directed by David Price, is atrocious. The construct was cute , nevertheless I felt that the film was merely released in the hopes that it would take in a good cut at the box office due to the rubric of the film. There truly is small correlativity between the novel and this peculiar gesture image. The secret plan behind Dr. Jekyll and Ms. Hyde is that draw a bead oning scientist Dr. Richard Jax aquires his gramps? s scientific notebooks in his will. This leads to the assistance of his ain experiments, and consequentially he discovers the potion for his new ego . The lone job with the expression is that he includes a little excessively much estrogen which when get downing the expression, transforms him into a adult female. The remainder of the film is filled with entertaining scenes about how the freshly invented Ms. Hyde is destroying Dr. Jax? s life. I thought that the lone common points that the film shared with the novel was that the two personalities go to war with each other in the hopes to take over the organic structure back to the respected signifiers. There truly was nil concrete to compare the film to in regard to the novel. There were no corresponding characters, subplots nor reoccurring subjects to compare and contrast. Overall the film was slightly entertaining, but if it was the lone thing on telecasting ( It would be a complete waste of money to rent ) I think that I would instead happen myself scouring the bathroom floor with a toothbrush. This may be a small harsh, but I steadfastly believe that David Prince tarnished a great literary work and made it into a complete jeer. The lone comparing that one would be able to try to do is that of Ms. Hyde to Mr. Hyde. The two characters are wholly unsafe and a threat to those that get in their manner. Ms. Hyde is really attractive whereas Mr. Hyde is a wholly deformed morbid person. Helen Hyde portions the same maestro program as Robert Louis Stevenson? s Mr. Hyde in regard that they will halt at nil to acquire what they want. In this instance, it was the state of affairs where Ms. Hyde would wholly take over Dr. Jax? s organic structure. In seeking to come up with another commonalty, the relationship that Dr. Richard Jax has with his love involvement suffers much like it does in the 1932 restored version of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. As clip goes on and the dark personalities take over the well-thought-of psyches, the relationships begin to dwindle. This seemed to be cardinal subjects in both versions of the novel. As you can see movie is merely one facet that our society wonders over Robert Louis Stevenson? s chef-doeuvre. It seems that Americans grip onto this chilling narrative because evidently the division of both good and evil machinations us. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde give us the amusement and the plot line that is appealing. Although there aren? t many versions of the film on movie it is the type of entity that will ever turn out to be successful. The demand for more films based on the novel is decidedly present-one can see that from how successful the Broadway show is ( it is virtually impossible to come by tickets ) and how booming concern with the subject eating houses. It is, and ever is interesting to see how different managers will develop and do their ain versions based on the novel. To state the really least, their has non been a C transcript of the novel that has been put onto the large screen. This is what makes the possibility that merely more films will capture us with the enjoyment that Stevenson intended to supply us with over a century a spell.

Business Development Model for Dairy Portfolio Essay Example

Business Development Model for Dairy Portfolio Paper BRITANNIA INDUSTRIES LIMITED Business Development Model First Phase product/channel matrix for developing the dairy portfolio in OOH/ACD Autumns Project Report SUVANSH BHARARA PGP-10-173 PGDM 2010-2012 S. P. JAIN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, MUMBAI Acknowledgement I would like to thank Britannia Industries Limited for giving me an opportunity to intern with them. The overall experience of working at Britannia was outstanding and there was immense learning during the course of my project. I am extremely grateful to my mentor Ms. Priyadarshini Shinde, Channel Development Manager – Alternate Channels for the trust shown in my judgment opinions. The amount of freedom and responsibility that I was given helped me back myself during the project and strive to produce tangible results. Her high expectations from me and the unwavering support extended to me motivated me to work doubly hard for the project. I am thankful to her for guiding me through every stage of the project and providing me with all the necessary resources. I would like to make a special mention to Mr. Vikas Dogra – Channel Head, Alternate Channels for always inspiring me to take the project to the next level. I am especially thankful to Mr. Jasjeet Kochar – Business Development Manager, Alternate Channels – North, for coordinating the entire project with me by giving useful business insights on market execution and business development, and allocating resources whenever required. I would like to express gratitude to the entire Britannia team at the Bangalore office the Delhi office, including the Dairy Division, Alternate Channels, and Quality Division for making my internship a really memorable one. I would like to ake a special mention to Ms. Arpita Bagchi, HR Manager, for ensuring that the internship went off smoothly. I would also like to thank Mr. Shridhar Panshikar, National Sales Director at Britannia, for critically evaluating my final presentation and giving useful insights on taking this project forward. Last but not the least; I am thankful to my f aculty advisor Ms. Renuka Kamath for always sharing her opinion and giving insights on my project which helped me in putting up good results. Executive Summary Britannia’s Alternate Channel division was set up around six years back to cater to out of home consumption. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Development Model for Dairy Portfolio specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Business Development Model for Dairy Portfolio specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Business Development Model for Dairy Portfolio specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer OOH consumption has taken off in India, with consumers spending close to 15 hours of their day outside home. As a result, biscuits at touchpoints such as schools, offices, canteens, bus stand, InFlight, railways stations etc have become big business. An entire ACD team manages the Alternate Channels across the four regions of India, headed by a Channel Head a Channel Development Manager. This project involved development of the dairy portfolio in the OOH space. Dairy is very big in the out of home segment, especially since the dairy requirements lasts throughout the day and they are typically very high value products. This project involved business development model for the dairy portfolio in the ACD Channel, by rolling out a pilot in the North Region (Delhi-NCR market). Another immediate deliverable of the project was to manage the launch execution of Tiger Zor across India, by ensuring billing to the distributors, tackling any potential bottlenecks to invoicing, ensuring maximum point of sale material execution, sales rep training, and addressing quality issues(if any). During the first two weeks of the project, the product was launched in South1(Bangalore Market) by carrying out aggressive sampling activities and distributor briefings. During the next six weeks, the emphasis was on building the market scoping, along with the potential for Britannia in this space, and aligning it with the sales distribution systems prevalent in Britannia to ensure a smooth integration. The key methodology followed in this business development Model was the use of structured interviews focussed discussions with the stakeholders and consumers. The pilot integration was carried out in Gurgaon Noida and all the integration steps were followed to learn from any shortfalls that might have occurred. The result of this project is the development of a market estimate for Britannia from where they can launch aggressively into the Dairy Portfolio in the North Region, leverage on their strengths and take on the competition. The integration was successfully completed in the North Region and even billing to the distributors, together with back end updation was addressed. The learnings recommendations from this project will allow Britannia to integrate the Dairy Portfolio across all the regions in India. Contents Project Scope Objectives| 5| Project Methodology| 6| Managing Launch Execution of Tiger Zor| 7| Project Zor| 14| Business Development Model for the Dairy Portfolio in the ACD Channel| 15| Understanding Customer Requirements| 15| Competition Study| 20| Distributor Requirements| 22| Pilot Integration| 23| Product Channel Matrix| 24| Major Areas of Concern| 26| Additional Inputs| 27| Execution Plan for NBD in the Pilot Market| 28| Consolidated Project Learnings| 29| Appendix 1 : Project Charter| 31| Appendix 2 : Key Learnings from Marketplace Visit| 32| Appendix 3 : Tiger Zor Liquidation Plan| 33| Appendix 4 : Pilot Integration at Leela| 33| Appendix 5 : Tiger Zor Sales| 34| Appendix 6 : Structured Questionnaire| 34| Appendix 7 : First Phase of developing the dairy portfolio in OOH/ACD| 35| Appendix 8: ACD Account List in Gurgaon| 38| 1. Project Scope and Objectives Project Title: Business Development Model for the Dairy Portfolio in BIL’s ACD Channel Objectives: 1. Manage Launch execution for Tiger Zor in ACD 2. Understand scope potential of the Dairy Portfolio in the OOH/ACD Channel 3. Map Competition 4. Develop a first phase product/channel matrix for developing the Dairy Portfolio in OOH/ACD 5. Develop an execution plan for Business Development in Phase 1 Key Deliverables: Deliverable| Measure of Success| Successfully execute Tiger Zor Launch across 4 regions| Sales, ECO, Visibility Metrics| Scoping Document and alignment with Dairy Team| Submission of plan as per defined timeline| Development of Execution Plan for Business Development| Submission of plan as per defined timeline| Project Scope: Liaisoning with the following a) ACD Sales Team (BDM,SO,TSI,PSM,CP) b) Dairy Team c) Customers d) Channel Partners Travel across different metros across India was required. Project Learning Objective: * Indepth understanding of ACD and At Works as a channel * Understand Account Building Blocks Understand the process of business development (opportunity mapping, competition scanning, developing mix and execution plan) Targeted Benefit to the company: The Dairy Portfolio is pegged to be a Rs. 60 crore per annum business and this project will execute the first steps of the ACD Team in this space. 2. Project Methodology A Pilot market approach was employed to execute this project. * Tiger Zor Launc h across all four regions of India * Execution of Business Development in the North Market (Delhi-NCR) The pilot was successfully implemented in the Markets of Gurgaon Noida. The research was mostly exploratory in nature and several standardised tools like structured questionnaire were employed during the course of this project. 3. 1 Project Timelines 3. Managing Launch Execution of Tiger Zor 4. 2 Product Launch in South 1 The first step was to launch the product in South 1 Region (Andhra Karnataka) by conducting a briefing of the regions’ distributors and starting invoicing. Approach: A three pronged approach was planned for the launch execution of Tiger Zor in South 1 region which involved: * Distributor briefing * Product Sampling * Ensuring product invoicing Results: The following results were achieved after the product launch in South 1: * 68 cases of Tiger Zor were billed immediately post launch * More than 30,000 bottles of Tiger Zor were sampled at five sites * There was a 20% increase in offtake of the product post sampling * More than ten ACD Accounts were opened for invoicing Learnings: The major learning from this task was to ensure build up of traction through the sampling activities. Traction is built by ensuring product presence across channels once the sampling activity is undertaken, else the product will be forgotten by the consumer. As it is said – ‘Out of sight, out of mind’. This is a learning curve for new product launches Eg. Yogurt. The above figure shows the learning curve obtained from this task. * Identify touchpoint where sampling can be undertaken * Touchpoint should have ACD Accounts/MRP counters where the product can be placed * Draw up a Accountwise stock plan ensure timely IDT (Inter Depot Transfer) of stock * Develop an offtake tracker to track the product offtake The findings from each of the sampling activity were documented pertinent data related to price points, product qualities etc were shared with the Brand Team. The following data points were obtained from Salarpuria Softzone Tech Park, Bangalore: 4. 3 Sample Consumer Study A sample consumer study was conducted in the Pilot Market (Delhi-NCR) to obtain key insights on the brand, product likeability, product consumption pattern etc. Approach: A dip stick study was conducted in the North Region (Delhi-NCR) by recording the responses of over 200 consumers and 7 distributors. More than 40 cases were also sampled at Britannia Bazaar at Maruti Suzuki from where pertinent data points were obtained. Observations: Metric Measured: Brand Awareness There is a need to induce trials by sampling in the pilot market. Metric Measured: Product Relevance The product is considered highly relevant by the TG, although Chocolate Milk is considered to be a kids’ drink. Metric Measured: Product Differentiation TG Speak: ‘real bits of badam, thicker, different packaging’ Metric Measured: Consumption Occasions Consumption Occasions AtWorks : Work breaks or to supplement meals School : tiffins Hotels : Mini Bars Railways : Substitute to CSD Metric Measured: Product Credibility Credibility high due to Britannia brand name, but the credibility was hit due to the quality issue in North region. Metric Measured: Repeat purchase Intention TG Speak: ‘I don’t mind spending money on a product that is tasty healthy’. 4. 4 Sales Operation Coordination Operations contributed a significant part to this project and it entailed successful coordination with the Brand team ACD Team to ensure billing of stock as against the plan. Approach: To coordinate the Operations, a three pronged strategy was employed that involved ensuring billing POSM allocation, Liaisoning with Logistics for IDT and Managing Back End. Results: The following billing was achieved across all four regions: MONTH| GROSS(VAL)| VOLUME| September| 7. 05 Lacs| 6. 23 tons| October| 4. 26 Lacs| 3. 81 tons| TOTAL| 11. 31 Lacs| 10. 04 tons| The following ECO’s were achieved across the four regions: REGION| ECO| North| 5%| West| 12%| South1| 2%| South2| 12%| TOTAL| 9%| Learnings: The biggest learning from sales operation coordination was solving the problem of slow offtake and product quality in the North Region. The following steps were involved in providing the end to end solution to a product quality issue: Identify Problem : Backtrack Secure Back End : Sensitize Aws TSI Build customer confidence : Sampling Build Team confidence : Offtake tracker Product Handling Tool shared with TSIs and 10 AWs Sampled 60 CBB at 8 Accounts 20% increase in Offtake 4. 5 Tiger Zor : Way Forward Secure the Back End by Price Updation for Depots and Distributors. 1. Product Handling Sensitisation which is very crucial for a new category product a. Regional Business Development Managers to educate the Sales Incharges and Distributors using a Tool b. Surprise checks at Depot/Distributor point by Sales Incharges and this should be included in their WOW(Ways of Working) 2. Product Sampling to create an audience pull c. Plan sampling at relevant touchpoints such as tech parks and schools 3. Tackling competition Brand| MRP| Vol| Trade Margin| Distributor Margin| Tiger Zor| Rs 20| 150 ML| 10%| 5%| Amul| Rs 17| 200 ML| 17%| 10-15%| Gagan/Gopaljee| Rs 17| 200 ML| 20%| 10-15%| MTR| Rs 25| 200 ML| 15%| 10-15%| Outflank unit margin price comparison Accountwise Sampling Plan (Create Pull) Key Touchpoint : Railways System Sale rather than Product Sale Custom tiffins for kids, ‘Had Milk? ’ Hardware at Offices Collateral Support to vendor : spoons, plates, napkins System Selling is a concept wherein the product enters the shelf of the vendor/customer by acquiring the customer. Britannia needs to create a milk consumption culture and ensure the unit price concept is outflanked. 4. Project Zor Identify geographical area Identify type of outlet Fix Level of distribution Fix level of stocking Competition Data : external syndicated data Target Specific level of repurchase Assess Track achieved, Volume distributed Repeat Purchase Brand Management product communication Fine tune communication strategy Learnings from Project Launch Execution Liaisoning with ACD Sales Team, Dairy Team, Customers Channel Partners Ensuring Maximum Impact through Brand Activation Exercises Troubleshooting breather functions : IDT, POSM execution, Primary Billing Stepwise addressal of product quality issues (North) Developing metrics to measure product launch impact Takeaways for BIL ( New Product Launch) Secure Back End with Price Updation Technical Training for Team/Channel Partners : Product knowledge handling Achieve Consistent ECO Targets : Focus Product Launch System Selling rather than Product Selling 5. Business Development Model for the Dairy Portfolio in the ACD Channel Approach: The following approach was adopted for the business development model for the dairy portfolio: * Understanding BIL’s Product Portfolio * Product USPs Eg : Slimz Milk (0% Fat), 100% Cow’s Milk (Betakerotine) * Product Technicalities Eg : Processed cheese easy to melt * SKU wise Shelf Life, Chief Market Rate * Knowledge transfer from Modern Trade Integration Team * Depot wise SKU Level Planning * Back end price updation * AW Requirements * Focus Market : North (Delhi-NCR) Structured Questionnaire for customer profiling competition study * Interviewed 45 ACD customers (new existing) * AW Requirements (interviewed 7 Aws including those of Dabur, Pepsi, Amul) * Thumb rule projections in the pilot market * Pilot an integration : end to end solution 6. Understanding customer requirements 6. 1 Customer Range Requirements: HOTELS Touchpoint : Hotels No. of accounts visited : 8 No. of Pilot Account s : 25 The entry points for Britannia would be UHT Milk, UHT Low Fat Milk, and Cheese Flavoured Milk. This was the observed customer decision making process: 6. 2 Customer Range Requirements: AT WORKS Touchpoint : At Works No. of accounts visited : 15 No. of Pilot Accounts : 300 The entry points for Britannia would be Flavoured Milk and Dahi. The following customer decision making process was observed: 6. 3 Customer Range Requirements: HOSPITALS Touchpoint : Hospitals No. of accounts visited : 5 No. of Pilot Accounts : 25 The entry points for Britannia would be Curd HUT Low Fat Milk. The following customer decision making process was observed: 6. 4 Customer Range Requirements: RAILWAYS Touchpoint : Railways No. of accounts visited : 1 No. of Pilot Accounts : 10 The following decision making process was observed: The following decision making process was observed: 7. Competition Study AMUL Strengths * Competitive Rates * Nimble Distribution Network (60 Vehicles service Delhi-NCR) * Widely Available in the market Weaknesses * Limited Value Added Products Portfolio (Eg : Cheese) * Low Fat Range Nestle Strengths * Existing Distribution Network with Nescafe, highly penetrated * Winning products : Everyday(sachet), Dahi, yogurt Weaknesses Lack of focus in OOH, irregular supplies Mother Dairy Strengths * Competitive Rates * Nimble Distribution Network (60 Vehicles service Delhi-NCR) * Widely Available in the market Weaknesses * Very Limited product portfolio Dilecta Strengths * Nimble Distribution Network * USP : Liquid Whitener, cream Weaknesses * Very Limited product portfolio Nutralite Strengths * Competitive Rates * Low Fat Butter Range widely used Weaknesses * Very L imited product portfolio Shudh Garhwal Strengths * Covers 95% of HORECA accounts in Delhi-NCR * One stop Solution for ALL dairy needs Stocks branded products (Amul, MD,Dilecta) and own brands * Competitive rates, flawless servicing Weaknesses * No access to Value added products Eg : Cream Cheese 8. DISTRIBUTOR REQUIREMENTS To assess distributor requirements, focussed interviews were conducted with seven ACD distributors of Britannia five other big Out of Home distributors doing business with Dabur Amul. ACD Channel partner Concerns: Additional cost of infrastructure Additional Manpower Cost Setting up Cold Chain Storage Market Credit of 45 Days(Avg. ) What will be his ROI ? Other Big OOH Players: Dabur/Amul Amul ties up with NIMBLE local players Eg : Shudh Garhwal Dabur works at 7% AW Margin 15 days company credit 9. Pilot Integration 45 cases of UHT Slimz Milk were billed to Leela Kempinski in Gurgaon. The following steps were gone through while conducting this pilot integration : Understanding customer requirements Gap in competition servicing (Nestle) No special discount – Rate fixed Managed Back end – price updation, Stock IDT, delivery Sampled entire Dairy portfolio at the Account to the Chef Entry Point : UHT Slimz Milk, other categories (cheese range) opened Overall Dairy Business in the OOH/ACD Channel in the Pilot Market Focus Channel| Business Potential| HORECA| Rs 1950000| At Works| Rs 1824000| Hospitals| Rs 396000| Schools Colleges| Rs 460800| Railways| Rs 470000| Business Potential for Britannia in the Pilot Market : Rs 90 Lacs – 1 Cr Overall Market Potential Overall Business Potential in the Pilot Market : Rs 10-12 Cr Britannia can capture 10% of the Dairy Market (Realistic estimate) Competitive Pricing Portfolio services Value Added Needs for customers Local, nimble suppliers who are deeply penetrated Critical to target Entry Points for Business Development Eg. Cheese Range in HORECA Case Study : Leela Kempinski, Gurgaon Average Daily billing of Rs 1 Lacs (Dairy Portfolio) BIL can service close to 10-15% 10. Product Channel Matrix 10. 1 HORECA Total Business Size : Rs 20 Lacs Opening HORECA Accounts Product| Competition| BIL Action| UHT Milk Slimz| Nestle| Availability Timely IDT| TigerZor| Amul| Trade Schemes Sampl ing(1+1)| Cheese Range| Imported Brands| Pitch Aggressively, creating opening| 10. 2 AT WORKS Total Business Size : Rs 19 Lacs Opening AtWorks Accounts Product| Competition| BIL Action| Dahi| Nestle| Depot wise stock planning, ensure availability| TigerZor| Gagan/Amul/Gopaljee| Sampling, System Selling| 10. 3 HOSPITALS Total Business Size : Rs 4 Lacs Opening Hospitals Product| Competition| BIL Action| UHT Slimz Milk| Nestle| Stock Planning + Availability| Dahi| Nestle| Stock Planning + Availability| Dahi UHT Milk Availability On Time Delivery 10. 4 Schools Colleges Total Business Size : Rs 4. 5 Lacs Product| Competition| BIL Action| TigerZor| Gagan/Gopaljee| System Selling, Sampling Activity| 0. 4 RAILWAYS Total Business Size : Rs 45 Lacs 11. Major Areas of Concern Integration needs to resolve/outflank all these issues. 12. Additional Inputs These are some of the additional inputs that BIL will have to provide for the successful implementation of this project. 1. Sales Force a. Product Portfolio Training by Dairy Team b. Product Handling Training by Quality Team c. Special Task Force for New Business Development – 6 inte rns / TSI 2. Channel Partners d. Product Portfolio Training by ACD Team e. Product Handling Training by Quality Team / ACD Team f. Infrastructure subsidies for the first 2 months (sharing additional infra cost) g. Possible collaboration with a Bank to discount Bills – Nationally 3. Managing Back End h. SKU Level Price updation for all Depots / AW 4. Know your Customer i. Address Special Servicing needs Eg: System Selling for AtWorks, Sampling to chefs at Hotels 13. Execution Plan for New Business Development in the Pilot Market 14. Consolidated Project Learnings Logistics| Physical Flow of goods from factory till end consumer | Locations Method of Flow | Taxation at Various Points | Inventory Management | Management of Expiry/Returns | Distribution| Appointment of Channel Partner | Evaluation Process/Criteria | Distributor Margins, Cost and ROI calculation | Inventory Management at AW point / stacking norms | Hygiene Norms / Product Handling | Sales| Sales Organization Chart | Assesment of Front Line Sales Person/Intern | KPIs – Callage, Productivity, Range Selling | Month end sales meeting – who handles, what transpires | Sales person allowances incentives | BTL Promotions Sampling Activities | Territory Demarcation Route Mapping | Appendix 1. Project Charter 2. Key Learnings from Marketplace Visit Market Visit 1| 9th September 2011| Ravi (RSA)| * Product Portfolio familiarity – Britannia biscuits * Familiarity with AW(Nagalakshmi), AW infrastructure,Udaan platform, billing process, collection process * Fast(er) moving brands – Bourbon, Good Day,Nutrichoice,Cakes * Issues relating to RSA productivity * Efficient but not necessarily effective * Scouting for newer accounts Not very aggressively done * Forgets where to push which product and how * Unaware of incentives of over achieving targets, etc * Execution of plans has leaks, which can be plugged Britannia racks/dispenser used for storing other brands – Checks required * Popular biscuit brand Bourbon reported regular stock out – Planning is an issue * Approached an institutional buyer (McAfee) at a software park * Customer had unique requirements (small number of biscuits in separate packs) * Britannia’s strength – pitching it’s wide range of brands to customers * Pitched Nutri choice ATC pack – matched customer requirements – Account building Visit to Channel Partner| 10th September 2011| Annapoorna Enterprises | * This CP supplies to HORECA as well Biscuits Dairy are two different verticals – Returns on dairy are less because of infrastructural issues * For biscuits, 2 kinds of consumption – welfare account outsourced counter * Welfare Accounts give volume growth * Scouting for places like food courts in office complexes – people congregate * Minimum level of stock the CP has (7-8 lakhs of stock) * Keeps a buffer of 20% of fast moving SKU’s Explore opportunities for OOH consumption for Biscuits exploit that demand * Understanding how product launch occurs – Prelaunch exercise : understanding market segments, assembling distributors, fine tuning internal sales process Market Visit 2| 12th September 2011| Ranganathan Agencies (Dairy)| * Familiarity with dairy portfol io of Britannia and competition * Market strengths of Britannia Dairy – Cheese Pricing is an issue – loss of institutional accounts – more expensive compared to Amul * AW salesman productivity is an issue – not effectively pitching Britannia products – not knowing which product to pitch in what channel * Back end supply issues relating to non regular supply of Britannia Dahi (especially) – happens only once a week compared to Nestle which services daily. * Consumer speak –â€Å" Britannia advertises dairy products but it is not available ; so I purchase whatever is available (Nestle, Nilgiris)† – need to cut down on lost sales * Dairy Whitener – slow moving product Tiger Zor was available in some GT stores – huge potential – right now ground level activities to support launch have not taken shape 3. Tiger Zor Liquidation Plan 4. Pilot Integration at Leela Product| Description| Category| Market| QTY| 91573| CHEESE SLICES 476G 30PK CBB INST| Cheese| Cheese Insti| 1PK| 90168| CHEESE BLOCK 1KG 12PK CBB| Cheese| Cheese Insti| 1PK| 90322| CHEESE BLOCK NATURAL 1KG CEKA 12PK CBB| Cheese| Cheese Insti| 1PK| 90789| CHEESE PIZZA BLOCK 1KG 12PK CBB| Cheese| Cheese Insti| 1PK| 90323| CHEESE CASTED SLICES 2. 7KG 8PK CBB| Cheese| Cheese Insti| 1PK| 94129| CHEESE BLOCK 1 KG 12PK CBB (P)| Cheese| Cheese Insti| 1PK| 90562| BUTTER BLOCK 1KG 18PK CBB INST WO DPLX| Butter| Butter Insti| 1PK| 90794| BUTTER BLOCK MIXED 1KG 18PK CBB WO DPLX| Butter| Butter Insti| 1PK| 90186| BUTTER BLOCK 1KG 18PK CBB| Butter| Butter Insti| 1PK| 91180| WARANA BUTTER BLOCK 1KG 18PK CBB WO DPL| Butter| Butter Insti| 1PK| 90183| D. WHITENER JAR 10KG 1PK CBB| DW| DW insti| 1PK| 90184| D. WHITENER JAR 25KG 1PK BAG| DW| DW insti| 1PK| 94687| D. WHITENER JAR 10KG 1PK CBB(PR)| DW| DW insti| 1PK| 94493| D. WHITENER JAR 25KG 1PK BAG (S)| DW| DW insti| 1PK| 93145 | MILK UHT SLIMZ 1 LT 12PK CBB TRAY| UHT| UHT Retail| 1PK| 93141 | MILK UHT 1 LT 12PK CBB TRAY| UHT| UHT Retail| 1PK| 93143 | ACTIMIND MANGO FLAVOR 150 ML 25 PK| DP| ActiMind| 1PK| 93146 | ACTIMIND SBERRY FLAVOR 150 ML 25 PK| DP| ActiMind| 1PK| 94254 | ACTIMIND VALUE PACK MANGO| DP| ActiMind| 1PK| 4256 | ACTIMIND VALUE PACK STRAWBERRY| DP| ActiMind| 1PK| 94113 | TIGER ZOR CHOCO MIL 150ML 25PK CBB| DP| Tiger Zor| 1PK| 94634 | TIGER ZOR BADAM MILK 150 ML 25PK/CBB| DP| Tiger Zor| 1PK| 94380 | Cheese BG Flavoured Wedges 128g 36 Pk| Cheese| Cheese Retail| 1PK| 94385 | Cheese BG Slices Emmental 200g 24Pk| Cheese| Cheese Retail| 1PK| 94390 | Cheese BG Slices Gouda 200g 24Pk| Cheese| Cheese Retail| 1PK| 94402 | Cheese BG Plain Wedges128g 36 Pk| Cheese| Cheese Retail| 1PK| 5. Tiger Zor Sales (October 2011) 6. Structured Que stionnaire 1. What is the number of customers serviced per month? 2. What is the consumption of dairy products, by value and volume? 3. Which brand is used and at what price? 4. What is the current distribution model and market strengths of the competition? 5. What margins, discounts ; schemes you offered? 6. What is the customer’s decision making process? 7. What is the most important factor for choosing a particular product/supplier? 7. First Phase of Developing the Dairy Portfolio in OOH/ACD| | | | | | | | | Market : NOIDA| | | | | | | | AW : Sampurna Marketing| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Business Size : 1. 5-2 Lacs per month Payment Period : 30 Days| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Remarks : Shudh Garhwal is the supplier for all Dairy Products(Paneer, Khoya, Cream,Milk,butter,cheese), including branded products like Amul Cheese, Mother Dairy Milk etc. Flawless Door delivery ; monthly billing of 4. 5 Lacs. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | New Business Developm ent : Conduct Sampling to chef and plan stocks for billing First Phase of Developing the Dairy Portfolio in OOH/ACD| | | | | | | | | Market : NOIDA| | | | | | | | AW : Sampurna Marketing| | | | | | | | Opportunity Point| Product| Size|   |   | Mosaic Hotel| Gouda Cheese| Monthly billing of 15000 Rupees|   | Parmesan Cheese|   |   |   | Payment Period : 30 Days| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Remarks : Shudh Garhwal is the supplier for all dairy products. Opportunity for Britannia lies in Cheese Range, currently being imported at three times the price. First Phase of Developing the Dairy Portfolio in OOH/ACD| | | | | | | | | Market : NOIDA| | | | | | | | AW : Sampurna Marketing| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Opportunity Point| Product| SKU| Consumption| | Brit Rate| Competition rate| Nirulas| Pizza Cheese| 1 kg| 5 tns/month| Rs 353| Rs 238| | Cheese Slice| 476 gm| 70 kg/day| Rs 191| Rs 195| | Ghee| 1 kg| 100 kg/month| | | | | | | | | Opportunity Size : Rs 20 Lacs per month Remarks : On Delivery Payment on the same Day| | | | | | | | | | | | | | New Business Development : Conduct Sampling by providing samples, specification sheet and Rate List. Special Discount on Landing rate could be mooted due to volumes.. | | | | | | | | | First Phase of Developing the Dairy Portfolio in OOH/ACD| | | | | | | | | Market : NOIDA| | | | | | | | AW : Sampurna Marketing| | | | | | | | Product| Butter| Paneer| Cooking Cream| Pizza Cheese| Flavored Cheese| Dairy Whitener| PolyPack Milk| Remarks : Shudh Garhwal is the supplier. No bakery in this hotel so less use of cheese

Free Essays on Classifications Of Foods

According to Jelliffe, the world’s foods fall into five main classifications. First are the ‘Cultural super foods’. These foods supply the major caloric load for a peoples. Some excellent examples of these types of foods include rice as a staple food in India and a good portion of Asia. The importance of such foods is highlighted by taking on a symbolism, as rice symbolizes fertility in India. (Kittler and Sucher, p. 374). The next category of foods is the ‘social-prestige’ foods. These are the foods reserved for important people or occasions. Chickens were one of these social-prestige foods for Africans. It was afforded this status in West Africa, and when they were brought to the United States as slaves (p. 186). Following, are the foods that fall into the ‘sympathetic-magic’ category. One finds the physical qualities about these foods tell one about its effects. The opening of coconuts by Hindu worshipers on temple grounds represents what this group of foods is all about. The human ego is represented by the hard shell. Then, opened, the sweet, soft meat is open to becoming one with the Supreme Being, and this represents the inner self. (p. 82). Then one would find the ‘body-image foods’. These are the health foods, most simply put. The Puerto Rican custom of drinking eggnog or malt-type beverages to improve vitality is an outstanding example in our own backyard, of this classification of foods. (.p 289) Finally, Jelliffe categorized the ‘physiological group’. These foods are beneficial for a certain physical group. The use of herbs most clearly illustrated this. Cottonwood, in its effective use to ease childbirth in the Polynesian culture amply illustrated the point of physiological groups. (p. 329) The division of foods into these five groups allows us to get a broader, cross-cultural understanding of foods and their uses and meaning. Although Jelliffe simplified this categorizat... Free Essays on Classifications Of Foods Free Essays on Classifications Of Foods According to Jelliffe, the world’s foods fall into five main classifications. First are the ‘Cultural super foods’. These foods supply the major caloric load for a peoples. Some excellent examples of these types of foods include rice as a staple food in India and a good portion of Asia. The importance of such foods is highlighted by taking on a symbolism, as rice symbolizes fertility in India. (Kittler and Sucher, p. 374). The next category of foods is the ‘social-prestige’ foods. These are the foods reserved for important people or occasions. Chickens were one of these social-prestige foods for Africans. It was afforded this status in West Africa, and when they were brought to the United States as slaves (p. 186). Following, are the foods that fall into the ‘sympathetic-magic’ category. One finds the physical qualities about these foods tell one about its effects. The opening of coconuts by Hindu worshipers on temple grounds represents what this group of foods is all about. The human ego is represented by the hard shell. Then, opened, the sweet, soft meat is open to becoming one with the Supreme Being, and this represents the inner self. (p. 82). Then one would find the ‘body-image foods’. These are the health foods, most simply put. The Puerto Rican custom of drinking eggnog or malt-type beverages to improve vitality is an outstanding example in our own backyard, of this classification of foods. (.p 289) Finally, Jelliffe categorized the ‘physiological group’. These foods are beneficial for a certain physical group. The use of herbs most clearly illustrated this. Cottonwood, in its effective use to ease childbirth in the Polynesian culture amply illustrated the point of physiological groups. (p. 329) The division of foods into these five groups allows us to get a broader, cross-cultural understanding of foods and their uses and meaning. Although Jelliffe simplified this categorizat...

Story Writing 101

Story Writing 101 Story Writing 101 Story Writing 101 By Ali Hale Since prehistoric times, when tales were told around fires and painted on cave walls, stories have been an essential part of our human experience. But what exactly is a story – and how can you write a great one? A story is simply a tale of events that are linked by cause and effect. It can be true or it can be a work of fiction. We expect stories to have a beginning, middle and end; they involve at least two characters, and some events take place. In this article, I’ll take you through three major contemporary types of written story: The short story The novel The life story (biography or autobiography) For each, I’ll explain what it is, and how to write it successfully. I’ll end with tips about story writing which will help you improve your writing, whether you’re a beginner or a published author. Three Types of Story 1. Short Stories A short story is a piece of fiction under 20,000 words. More typically, a short story will be 1,000 – 5,000 words. (Pieces under 1,000 words are â€Å"short short stories† or â€Å"flash fiction†, over 20,000 and they’re novellas.) Short stories are published in magazines, newspapers and book anthologies. Short stories need: A small cast of characters, with one main character A compact time frame, with the story taking place over the course of a few days or weeks A single plot without subplots, though longer short stories may have a subplot The majority of writing competitions are for complete short stories, rather than novels or novel excerpts. If you do enter competitions, don’t be put off writing if you don’t win – judges have different likes and dislikes. How to Write a Great Short Story Like any story, your short story needs to have a beginning, middle and end: The beginning is where we’re introduced to the characters, especially the main character and his/her problem The middle is where the action and plot develops. The main character will face difficulties such as opposition from other people or a challenging environment. The end is where the main character triumphs over his/her biggest challenge (or fails, in the case of a tragedy). The resolution should be satisfying and conclusive for the reader. Even in literary and experimental short stories, it’s important that something should happen. Much of the action might take place inside the characters’ heads, but there should be a real change as a result. By the end of your short story, your main character should have experienced an internal change. This means that they’ve grown and developed as a person – perhaps overcoming a fear, or recognizing an unacknowledged truth about himself or herself. 2. Novels A novel is a piece of fiction that’s 60,000 words or longer (shorter books are novellas). The typical novel is around 80,000 – 150,000 words, depending on genre. Novels and short stories share similar structural features, but novels give the author a much wider scope. A novel might have: More than one main character (though attempt this with caution!) A large cast of characters A long time frame – potentially covering several centuries and several generations Multiple subplots Novels tend to be much more popular than short stories with the reading public, and almost all full-time authors are novelists rather than short story writers. How To Write A Novel A novel is a much bigger undertaking than a short story. Even if you are able to write short stories without much planning, you’ll need to plan out your novel in advance. There are a number of ways to do this, but whichever you choose, ensure: You have enough plot to meet your word count target Your main character (protagonist) is sympathetic – readers of short stories will put up with a dull or unlikeable character, but novel readers are stuck with the character’s viewpoint for much longer. As the writer, you’ll need to be able to become your characters. You have an escalation of events throughout the plot. Things need to get worse and worse for your characters, until they finally overcome their problems or enemies. 3. Life Stories A life story is a true story – though it shares features with fictional stories. Life stories are either â€Å"biography† (when you write about someone else) or â€Å"autobiography† (when you write about yourself). Most biographies and autobiographies are book length, similar to a novel. Many writers draw on their own life experiences for newspaper columns and magazine articles, though. There is also a market for â€Å"true life† stories in magazines, which are told in a story-like way: writing about your own life is a simple way to write about what you know. How To Write A Life Story A life story needs to be engaging and interesting for the reader. Don’t include boring details just because they’re â€Å"true† – the reader doesn’t need to know everything that happened. In many cases, details of childhood or dull years can be summarized – or told through a few vividly-drawn incidents. You will need to be careful when writing a biography or autobiography to: Structure your piece as a story, focusing on interesting events and incidents. Show the personality of the subject (yourself or the person you’re writing about), and making sure the reader will find them at least partly likeable. Be conscious of the other people involved – try to be sensitive to how they might feel (and avoid getting sued for libel – make sure you’re certain of your facts). There is often a fine line between life writing and fiction. If you are writing the story of your life, you will need to make decisions about whether you will alter or make up lines of dialogue, for instance. General Story Writing Tips Whatever type of story or stories you’re writing, and however experienced you are, there’s always room for improvement Share Your Story Writing Efforts It’s hard to write in isolation, and sharing your work with other writers is a great way to get feedback and suggestions. Look for a local writers’ circle, or join an online forum. You want to find somewhere that’s supportive but where people aren’t afraid to offer advice about things that aren’t working in your story. Keep Learning Writing is a craft that you can learn, like any other. There are hundreds of books on all aspects of writing, from the nuts and bolts of grammar and punctuation to writing in specific genres. You can also find free advice on the Internet (on blogs like this one). You can even take a degree or post-graduate course in creative writing. Keep Practicing As well as learning about writing, you need to practice. That means writing regularly – ideally daily. As you write more, your stories will get better – your characters are more â€Å"real†, your plots are convincing, and your endings are deeply satisfying to readers. You’ll also find that writing itself becomes easier: you’ll spend less time struggling to find the right words, and more time enjoying seeing the story spill from your fingers. Always Revise All authors need to revise their work. Your first draft might have a lot of problems – inconsistent characterization, scenes which don’t really fit, holes in the plot, incorrect pacing or tension. Don’t worry if this is the case: most published authors have to extensively rewrite their first drafts too. Always allow time to revise your story, and if possible, do several rewrites. Most authors recommend letting your story sit unread for a few days or weeks when you complete a draft, so that you can come to it with fresh eyes. Good luck with your story writing! Check Out Other Articles from The Writing 101 Series: The Writing Process Creative Writing 101 Story Writing 101 Letter Writing 101 Business Writing 101 Freelance Writing 101 Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point ArcWork of Art TitlesSentence Adverbs

Federalism and the Exercise of National Power Coursework

Federalism and the Exercise of National Power - Coursework Example Similarly, regulating the use of marijuana is not spelled under the commerce clause. Taking away homegrown marijuana is a way of controlling its consumption. There is no law in the US constitution, which gives federal government powers to invoke cultivation of marijuana without explanation (Pierre, 2011). Therefore, Commerce Clause or other clauses do not grant the federal powers to regulate the use of marijuana. The federal system overstepped its mandate to ban marijuana. This is so because the 10th Amendments state that the people have a say on powers that the constitution does not delegate to the United States (Pierre, 2011). Thus, the cultivation of marijuana is not spelled in the constitution leaving the decision to lie with the individuals and the state. Similarly, growing marijuana for medical purposes is allowed as long as it is not for commercial purpose under Commerce Clause. Moreover, the federal government has powers to regulate interstate commerce under Article 1, Section 8 of US constitution (Pierre, 2011). However, this does not mean they have powers to control anything associated with interstate commerce. The woman who grew marijuana was an exception because there was no evidence of participation in interstate

Criminal Justice Authority Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice Authority Evaluation - Essay Example Discretionary authority refers to the power to act in accordance with one judgment or discretion. Before a judge or any other person in power in the criminal justice, he or she ought to apply values and principles to facts. Exercise of discretion occurs in different ways, depending on each criminal justice system. Discretionary authority is practiced and exercised in various fields of criminal justice. For instance, discretion occurs when reporting crimes. Some criminal justice systems do not respond to little crimes, like the theft of an item that is of little or no value. The victim of such a minor crime has the discretion to report or not report such a crime to the authority. If there was no witness, when such a crime was committed, then, it would be futile reporting such a crime; hence, most of such crimes go unreported. Police use discretion, in response to reported crimes or cases. Police officers have some discretion, even though they are required to act according to the law a nd professional ethics. For instance, in youth justice such police officers have the authority to hold a youth justice conference, proceed by administering a caution, or proceed by charge in the Children’s Court. Discretion is again practiced in investigation, arrest and charge; police officers may either investigate or fail to investigate an officially reported crime. For example, some criminal justice systems do not require investigation of fraud allegations, unless such frauds are immensely high.... Police officers have some discretion, even though they are required to act according to the law and professional ethics. For instance, in youth justice such police officers have the authority to hold a youth justice conference, proceed by administering a caution, or proceed by charge in the Children’s Court. Discretion is again practiced in investigation, arrest and charge; police officers may either investigate or fail to investigate an officially reported crime. For example, some criminal justice systems do not require investigation of fraud (below $10, 000) allegations, unless such frauds are immensely high (Raines, 2011). However, not all people, in such criminal justice systems, agree to the lack of investigation of such fraud, even though police officers have the discretion to act in such a manner. This is a clear indication of controversial exercise of discretion by some criminal justice systems. When an investigation is carried out, police officers have the power to de cide where such an investigation should be carried out, and the people to be contacted. Police officers have the obligation to make the right decision in approaching a suspect. They may decide to arrest or issue a Court Attendance Notice to such a suspect. Such decision affects both the offender and the community at large; the community may be exposed to further offending, and the offender’s liberty may be put at a risk. Discretionary considerations are exercised when police officers seek advice from prosecutor to establish criminal charges. The community exercise its discretion since some people, in the community, act as witness during a court proceeding. The offender exercise judgment at some stages, during the case proceeding; for instance, he or she may apply for bail.

Analyse the Strengths and Weaknesses of Spain by 1516 Essay Example for Free

Analyse the Strengths and Weaknesses of Spain by 1516 Essay There were considerable differences between the Hispanic kingdoms within the Iberian peninsula. It was divided by language and religion, governed by different political institutions and ruled by monarchs with conflicting foreign interests. Both Aragon and Castile had very little in common. The economies varied in strength in different parts of Spain, for example Catalonia was in decline whilst Valencia was in the recovery stage. The marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand in 1469 dramatically changed the course of Spain. The Queen was a determined and quick-witted woman, with a street-fighters instinct for survival. She guaranteed privileges to nobles and town authorities, promised to restore law and order and was the only claimant with an undisputed right to the throne. Ferdinand played a role in leading Isabellas troops against the Portuguese and French invasions and recaptured rebellious towns, all helping to stabilise the crown. His brother also aided Isabella by commanding the Hermandad meaning that although his father died, no Aragonese nobles contested the crown. Royal authority had declined during the weak rule of Henry IV and it needed to be asserted and there was also the problem of law and order (lots of disorder in Castile due to the 5 years civil war). There were still supporters of Joanna; a minority of the nobility had fought against Isabella e.g Marquis of Vienna. The Hermandad at least brought some justice to the countryside, which benefited Castilian towns as well as law-abiding landowners. Hermandades had never been controlled so extensively by the Crown, it significantly contributed to the improvements in local administration. Corregidores were also having an impact (administrators of cities and districts with both administrative and judicial powers). They were used by the Catholic Monarchs to strengthen royal authority rather than revive local responsibility Ferdinand and Isabella travelled extensively in Castile. They spent relatively little time in Aragon in his 37-year reign (7 years). This was a very important means of asserting royal authority by showing themselves to their subjects and establishing an effective working relationship with their nobility and to discipline any troublemakers. Ferdinand and Isabella visited every Castilian town at least once. Ferdinand tried to increase royal authority over Aragonese towns by trying to introduce new procedures for the election of municipal offices. His idea of sending royal governors to towns was rejected preventing royal authority encroaching. Isabella was able to have a greater effect on improving local administration than her husband. She tried to protect, by intervention, town people from impressive nobles and nominated jurados to sit on town councils. She persisted with the idea of Corregidores in towns, despite opposition, and the number of towns with them increased (Toledo for instance enjoyed a long period of peace largely due to Gomez Manrique, its Corregidore.). Their authority varied, some governed entire regions, and others had a limited impact. However, overtime they became more corrupt lowering the standards of local administration. The civil war left deep scars and required close supervision to work effectively. Both Isabella and Ferdinand dispersed justice personally. The Hermandad was unpopular and it demanded taxation on local people for its maintenance. It was officially dissolved in 1498 as nobles increasingly disliked it (didnt want too much crown influence). The crowns political strength lay into relationship with the nobility. Ferdinand and Isabella however, due to incompatible promises in the 1470s, were in a different situation as some families expected rewards for their role in the civil war. This often contradicted what Isabella had said about protecting the rights of the towns. Isabella decided to harness the power of the nobility and tried to regain land given out by Henry IV. Isabella and Ferdinand on a smaller scale in Aragon gave the nobles rights to collect sales tax and confirmed their exemption from direct tax. This guaranteed their social and economic position. Also nobles who had fought against Isabella in the civil war were given fair agreements such as the Marquis of Vienna in order to preserve social stability. Those on her side were awarded with for example dukedoms guaranteeing their continuing support. Although some nobles maintained control of regional politics, which was a big threat to the crown as they had no standing army, whereas most nobles kept retainers. An example of when the crown and nobility worked together to ensure the stability of the country was the Granada between 1482 and 1492. Some of the nobility actually served in the war and fought on behalf of the crown against the Muslims. The war helped to enhance royal prestige. However, outbreaks of civil disorder and violence in Castile in the early years of the sixteenth century suggest that royal administration was beginning to break down. Nobles became better educated and there was an emergence of letrados (lawyers). Most Castilian and Aragonese peasants enjoyed a period of relative prosperity, with wage rises, stable prices and plenty of employment in the countryside. Town life was changing rapidly, Castilian merchants experienced a dramatic increase in trade and commerce, which led to a growth in business and rising prosperity for those in work. However, due to an increase in population town authorities were faced with the problem of vagrancy where people wonder from place to place and dont usually have a home. The Catholic Monarchs intended to enhance the welfare of their subjects. They maintained the Mestas monopoly and continued wool trade, which was high in demand in the Low Countries. Taxes on wool and sheep and the establishment of trade links with America (gold bullion), proved extremely beneficial. Maintaining the quality of Castiles coinage and establishing a currency common to both kingdoms, monetary if not economic unity was achieved. Overseas trade was strengthened with Venice as a base, and the financial status and prosperity of Barcelona recovered from the effects of the civil war in the 1460s. However the Spanish economy had a number of weaknesses, poor communications (bad roads, mountainous), a network of internal customs duties and inland tolls and resistance to state intervention in effecting changes in agriculture, guilds and industry. Regionalism was a very powerful force and applied to the economy. There was no significant attempt to integrate the two economies, for example, trade with Americas was a Castilian monopoly (intensified hostility between two kingdoms, threat of inflation and decline in currency). The only measure that was taken was the standardisation of the currency in 1497. The Spanish Crown failed to protect and promote its native industries and focused too much on exportation of wool than developing its textile industry. Also, the persecution of the Conversos and Jews (many of them were skilled craftsmen) damaged wool trade, while the silk trade was damaged with war in Granada (mudejars were main producers of silk, many were killed while others emigrated). Spanish wealth and commercial gains from the New World could potentially fall through due to its lack of incorporation.

Beowulf Attacks the Dragon Essay -- English Literature Essays

Beowulf Attacks the Dragon. Beowulf makes his final boast. He says that, even though he is old, he shall â€Å"still seek battle, perform a deed of fame† by killing the dragon. (Norton59) He doesn't know how to grapple with the dragon, like he did with Grendel, so he will use a sword and shield. He tells his men that the outcome will be â€Å"with us at the wall as fate allots, the ruler of every man.† (59) He tells them to let him fight the monster alone, â€Å"By my courage I will get gold, or war will take your king, dire life-evil.† (60) *These three quotations indicate pagan elements of glory, not Christian.* eowulf approaches the barrow. From the stone arch, he feels the dragon’s fire emanating from within. He shouts at the dragon. The dragon knows he is there and breathes fire. Beowulf hits the dragon with his shield and draws his sword, â€Å"the old heirloom.† (60) The dragon comes forward, â€Å"hastening to his fate,† (60) and breathes fire, but Beowulf is protected by his iron shield. But, â€Å"for the first time, the first day in his life, he might not prevail, since fate did not assign him such glory in battle.† (60) Beowulf strikes the dragon so hard with his sword, that the â€Å"edge failed.† (60) The â€Å"war blade had failed, naked at need, as it ought not to have done, iron good from old times.† (60) *The sword is given living qualities* The poet reminds the reader that â€Å"every man must give up the days that are lent him† (60), an elegaic theme that runs throughout the poem. Beowulf and the dragon come together again. The dragon breathes fire again and, for the first time in the poem, â€Å"he who before had ruled a folk felt harsh pain.† (60) Meanwhile his men flee to the woods, except for one. Wiglaf, s... ... writes; a draughtsman; a writer for another; especially, an offical or public writer; an amanuensis or secretary; a notary; a copyist. 2. (Jewish Hist.) A writer and doctor of the law; one skilled in the law and traditions; one who read and explained the law to the people. The most famous Old English scribe was a monk named Bede Scylfing: 1: the member of a Swedish Links: British Library Board: www.bl.uk Pace University Grendel Site: csis.pace.edu/grendel Beowulf Site: www.lone-star.net/literature/beowulf/index.html Beowulf Book: www.alcyone.com/max/lit/beowulf Bibliography: Dictionary: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary1913, C. & G. Merriam Co. Internet: http://www.dictionary.com Text Source: "Beowulf" The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Sixth Edition. Vol. 1. Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: Norton 1993

Brand Management of Cadbury

Cadbury: The Brand The Cadbury brand enjoys a high level of brand equity in Ireland. Research shows 96% of consumers recognise the brand, while 74% state that when it comes to chocolate, only Cadbury’s will do! There are three main brand name strategies: Family brand names: The parent brand is also known as an â€Å"umbrella† brand. This term is given to product ranges where the family brand name is used for all products. The advantage of this approach is that positive associations with the parent brand will transfer to all sub-brands.The risk however, is that if one brand is unsuccessful or falls into disrepute, the reputation of the complete family of brands can be tarnished. Cadbury is a family brand. ? Individual brand names (or multibrands): In this case each brand is created and named separately and has a separate identity. Using a family brand may not be suitable as the brand values may be too far apart. ?Combination brand names: This approach allows for the opti mal use of the corporate (family) brand name, while allowing an individual brand to be identified, e. . Cadbury Dairy Milk. Developing brand identity BRAND PYRAMID A brand pyramid can help managers plan and analyse a brand’s identity. The top tier of the pyramid consists of the brand core. Brand core values are the genetic code of the brand and remain the same over time. Closely related to these values is the brand proposition: the promise the brand makes to consumers. This proposition should be easy to understand and appeal to the target market.The middle tier represents the brand style; or elements of the brand’s identity that represent the self image of the brand and need to be relatively stable over time. The base of the pyramid is formed by the brand themes which are concerned with how the brand currently communicates through its advertising, packaging, physical appearance etc. Brand themes are flexible and change with fashion, technological developments and chang ing consumer tastes.The brand pyramid helps managers understand the strengths of the brand and ensure consistency of its message. This also helps to identify opportunities for brand stretching and brand extensions. A brand extension is the use of a well known brand name on a new product within the same broad market or product category. We will discuss this in relation to the Dairy Milk brand. Brand stretching is the use of an established brand name in unrelated markets or product categories. Brand Extensions and Elements Cadbury India Cadbury is mainly into three segments Chocolates – Cadbury India is the market leader in the chocolate confectionery market in India with over 70 per cent market share. The leading brands in this category are Cadbury’s Dairy Milk, Fruit & Nut, Crackle, Temptations, 5 Star, Perk & Celebrations Gift boxes. †¢ Sugar Confectionery – Cadbury Dairy Milk Eclairs is one of the leading brands in this category. It is amongst the largest eclair brands in the market in terms of value share. Cadbury also owns Halls (which was acquired as a part of the global acquisition of the Adams business from Pfizer in 2003).Halls is amongst the largest brands in its segment of Minty/ Breath freshness brands in India. †¢ Food Drinks – Cadbury’s Bournvita is a leading brand in the brown drinks segment of milk/ malted food products. Cadbury’s other products include Drinking Chocolate and Cocoa powder. Overall share in the malted food drinks market is estimated to be around 19 per cent. The company has recently made a foray into snacking category with Cadbury Bytes, its sweet snacking brand. The company has been performing well in India.

Portrayal of society in Oedipus the king Essay

People and society have been significant principles in every civilization. We gain power through it, stay on top because of it and are a part of it. In Sophocles’ time people were of great importance for the Greeks, it was the time of the establishment of democracy, the country was governed for and by the people. Antigone was written in France during the German occupation and contains political messages to the people. This essay tends to investigate how society is portrayed in Sophocles’ Oedipus the King and Jean Anouilh’s Antigone, and briefly how and for what purpose this is done. The portrayal of society depicts the society in the play, and how that reflects the contemporary society of the author. One way of portraying society in Oedipus the King is through the chorus. In this play the chorus is a group of Theban people who express their ideas and thoughts, and pray to the Gods. By doing this they show how the Theban people react to what happens during the play. In the chorus’ first appearance we see them praying to the gods describing the horrors of the plague. The people of Thebes are suffering and they turn to Zeus, Apollo, Athena and Artemis for deliverance. This shows their strong faith in and devotion to the deities. The second time the chorus appears it is confused about Tiresias’ accusations. In spite of their conviction of the omniscience of the Gods, they decide to stay loyal to their king and not believe the prophecy until they see proof. This shows great loyalty to the king as does the finishing sentence â€Å"Never will I convict my king, never in my heart.†(l. 572) At the end of the ode the chorus is open to both possibilites, that of the deities being wrong and of Oedipus having killed his father. This is although they believe in them and respect them deeply. This demonstrates their open-mindedness and openness to new ideas. Sophocles’ contemporaneous Athenian society is also twined into the story. Oedipus’ character reflects that of the Athenian people. Bernard MacGregor Walke Knox writes1 â€Å"The poet’s language presents him to the audience not as a figure of the mystical past but as one fully contemporary; in fact he is easily recognizable as an epitome of the Athenian character as they themselves conceived it and as their enemies saw it too. One trait after another in the character of Sophocles’ Oedipus corresponds to Athenian qualities praised by Pericles in his Funeral Speech or denounced by the Corinthians in their attack on Athenian imperialism at the progress in Sparta before the war.† He goes on to explain that these characteristics are: being a man of swift and vigorous action, having experience as a result of constant action especially in naval warfare, courage, swiftness and rationality in action and decision, intelligence, adaptability to circumstances, and his dedication to the interests and needs of the city. Knox concludes with â€Å"Oedipus the King is a dramatic embodiment of the creative vigor and intellectual daring of the fifth-century Athenian spirit.† The preoccupations of the Athenians are also reflected in the play. During the fifth century B.C. when Sophocles wrote the play great changes were taking place in Athens. The old respect and attention given to the deities were eroding as the result of the intellectual, social and scientific progress of the time. About this Knox writes â€Å"The figure1 of Oedipus represents not only the techniques of the transition from savagery to civilization and the political achievements of the newly settled society but also the temper and methods of the fifth-century intellectual revolution. His speeches are full of words, phrases and attitudes that link him with the â€Å"enlightenment† of Sophocles’ own Athens.† This change in society is reflected when Oedipus ridicules and offends Tiresias who represents prophecy and spiritual power. In fact Sophocles expresses his conservative ideas by setting up the double irony of the blind man who can see the truth and the future and the seeing man who is blind to his past, present and even to his own identity. As the story goes on we see the proud man who rejected the prophetic power descend to total humiliation and destruction. Knox puts it this way: † The catastrophe of the tragic hero thus becomes the catastrophe of fifth-century man; all his furious energy and intellectual daring drive him on to this terrible discovery of his fundamental ignorance – he is not the measure of all things†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Anouilh wrote a new version of Antigone during World War II. His writing therefore contained political messages against the Vichy government. Most of the depiction of society happens through Creon and not the chorus. They are not Anouilh’s opinions but rather what he thought the Germans and the Vichy government’s view of people. By conveying this to the people he could motivate them to join the resistance. As opposed to Oedipus who loves and cares for his people, Creon does not respect or care about the people he governs. He refers to them as â€Å"the featherheaded rabble I govern† and says that if they â€Å"are to understand what’s what, that stench has got to fill the town for a month!† Clearly he doesn’t think much of their intelligence. He has only taken the position because he thought it would be cowardly not to and he thinks the country is on the brink of destruction. As he himself explains to Antigone he thought â€Å"Someone had to agree to captain the ship. She had sprung a hundred leaks; she was loaded to the water-line with crime, ignorance, poverty. The wheel was swinging with the wind. The crew refused to work and were looting the cargo. The officers were building a raft, ready to slip overboard and desert the ship. The mast was splitting, the wind was howling, the sails were beginning to rip. Every man-jack on board was about to drown – and only because the only thing they thought of was their own skins and their cheap little day-to-day traffic.† In these few lines Creon has called people criminal, ignorant, poor, thieves, lazy, quitters and egocentric. He is also giving a very dark picture of the country when he came in charge. He is implying that the government before him, be it Oedipus causing a plague and Eteocles and Polynices’ civil war or France’s third republic’s failure to deal with the depression, has destroyed the country and he is the one making amendments and restoring order. He describes people as hypocritical and makes them look stupid when describing Eteocles’ funeral. He sarchastically explains how â€Å"schoolchildren emptied their savings-boxes to buy wreathes for him. Old men, orating in quavering, hypocritical voices †¦and every temple priest was present with an appropriate show of sorrow and solemnity in his stupid face.† This also shows that he has no respect for religion or people’s beliefs, earlier he also uses phrases like â€Å"flummery about religious burial†, â€Å"priestly abracadabra†, â€Å"jibber-jabber† and â€Å"dreary bureaucrats†. At one point Antigone exclaims † Animals, eh, Creon! What a king you could be if only men were animals†. This can be Anouilh using Antigone’s voice to say that not all people are animals, but docile and obedient people are. In general one can say that society is portrayed as better in Oedipus the King than in Antigone. Sophocles describes society as loyal, pious, open-minded and Oedipus and the Athenians as active, rational, courageous, intelligent, experienced, good at adapting to new circumstances and compassionate. The only portrayal of society in Antigone, which is through Creon, describes it as criminal, hypocritical, stupid, lazy, self-centred and ignorant. That does not necessarily say anything about the people, but more about the ruler himself. The writers describe two successive generations of the Theban people, but through them write to and about people more than 2000 years apart. 1 Introduction to Oedipus the King in The Three Theban plays, Penguin Classics. Notes by Bernard MacGregor Walke Knox.